I am still yet to upload any of my thoughts here - my brain isn't empty but calendar is full (such is like). However, I did manage to sit down and transmit some of my thoughts via the medium of podcast! I sat down with the wonderful Sukh Hayre of DM-Mi podcast early in January 2025 to chat about AI, Evolution, and Cultural Evolution. If you're interested, you can check out the podcast recording here:
After much thinking, over-thinking, and going back-and-forth, I've decided to finally start popping my general thoughts on here - go over to Thoughts and see what you think (apologies if there is nothing there yet - my thoughts are few and far between these days!)
My reason for not having done this sooner, despite intending to from the start, are two fold.
Firstly, everything on the internet lives forever! I'm a big fan of the web archive over at the Way Back Machine, so I am fully aware of the permanence of things posted online. As I've gotten older, had kids, changed jobs, and watched the world change substantially a few times over, I've learnt that my opinions can (and do) change. I am not entirely sure my opinions and views are wiser than they were when I was 18, but I certainly look back at the person I was and cringe a bit. So the question of whether my views ever have been or ever will be worth sharing (outside of the pub) is ever on my mind. I have of course been a part of the social media doomscrolling massive.. My active time on Twitter, Facebook, and Reddit only reinforced my view that the things I said were ultimately temporary, transitory, and probably a source of future regret.
Secondly, as a (admittedly average) scientist, I do like to evidence my opinions. I obviously let go of this flaw whilst using social media, but it always felt a bit grubby to state opinions, make friends, and influence people without providing my sources. And even when I did provide sources, it was usually web links and I was never really inclined to properly fact check these links to ensure they weren't totally nonsense. Essentially I become a fully integrated part of the post-truth, culture wars, echo chamber; it felt grubby. Even though I don't expect anyone to actually every read this website, I do expect more of myself here: I am not character limited and I also use this space for professional communications. So, every time I have had an "interesting thought", I have held back from making it public until I was better informed and armed with sources. In the end it never happened. Life and work happened instead.
So why now and what has changed? Well, I keep having "interesting thoughts" and not writing them down. Sometimes I forget and other times I re-discover the thought. The fact is that I keep thinking that I should write things down and regretting not having done so, I finally decided that something had to change. I have decided to not hold myself to too high a standard - I am happy to be wrong (and be corrected), and everything I am going to write here will come with the disclaimer that I could be totally wrong. Also, whilst I can't promise to stay away from controversial topics, I think I do know enough about my own ignorance to stay in my lane.
Anyway, if you do decide to read any of my musing, thank you and Godspeed!
30/09/2024
I've had a very busy few months which have involved a number of successes, and one failure. Let's start with the successes
A major congratulations to my PhD Student, Nathan Brooks, who successfully defended his PhD Thesis yesterday (subject to corrections). Nathan's PhD is titled "Powering the Community: Facilitating demand-side load balancing in community energy systems through decentralised mechanisms and social capital" and was supervised by myself, Dr Simon Powers, and Dr Alastair Channon. Nathan is my first PhD student and I am immensely proud of him. A massive thank you to both examiners, Prof. Jeremy Pitt and Dr Charles Day. Congratulations soon-to-be Dr Brooks!
Following a rapid and arduous process, I am happy to announce that from September 2025 Aston University will have its first cohort of students on the new and shiny BSc Artificial Intelligence and Robotics programme. I have spent most of 2024 designing this programme, and I think it is probably the best UG AI programme in the UK!
I am also now, officially, a member of the EPSRC Peer Review College and have been invited to be a member of the Royal Society’s International Exchanges Panel.
My final success - reviewing for GECCO 2024 conference and being invited to review for the AI & Society journal (review pending).
And the failure - the grant proposal of was involved in with Dr Naomi Forrester-Soto, Dr Shannan L. Rossi, and Dr Felipe Campelo titled: "Using lab-in-the-loop machine learning to model alphavirus neuroinvasion" was rejected by the NIH. Very dissapointed as the research being proposed is awesome! We will pick ourselves up and try again.
The epic "Evolved Open-Endedness in Cultural Evolution: A New Dimension in Open-Ended Evolution Research" (mentioned in my previous update) is now online as an Online Early article with the Artificial Life Journal - you can get it here: https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00406
I am also proud to be part of the new brand new Aston Centre for AI Research and Applications (ACAIRA). Hopefully some cool stuff coming your way soon.
29/06/2023
I'm pretty useless at updates, so here is just one update dump covering new roles, new papers, new parts of the website, ....
Update 1: People have foolishly given me some responsibility
I have taken on two new roles with the Department of Computer Science at Aston University. Firstly I am now the new Placement's Co-ordinator for the department, so if you are a business looking for some placement students, drop me a line. Secondly, I am now officially on the management committee for the new Aston Centre for AI Research and Application (ACAIRA), led by the brilliant Prof. Aniko Ekárt. Hopefully more news on that coming soon.
Update 2: Massive research update
Firstly, 2 new papers will hopefully be hitting your virtual shelves soon!
Currently with copy editors, so hopefully published very soon:"Evolved Open-Endedness in Cultural Evolution: A New Dimension in Open-Ended Evolution Research" (w/ Andrew Buskell, Rohan Kapitany, Simon Powers, Eva Reindl, and Claudio Tennie) - https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.13050
This paper was mentioned in my last update, so has been a bit slow moving. I'll put an update up when it is available online at the Artificial Life journal.
Currently under review, so hopefully getting glowing reviews very soon: "Promoting Social Behaviour in Reducing Peak Electricity Consumption Using Multi-Agent Systems." (w/ Nathan Brooks and Simon Powers). Led by my PhD student Nathan, and currently under review at the Technology and Economics of Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy journal.
Some grant and fellowship news.
TDLR: No money yet, some rejections, but some exciting opportunities being pursued.
Rejections: I think it is important to normalise failure in academic. My PhD supervisor always started off a conversation about a potential grant proposal with the ballpark chances of success - it is a sad but totally normal part of the academia, and we shouldn't feel like imposters because all we see our the successes of others without the countless failures that go alongside them. So my grant rejection since my last update are:
EPSRC Grant (EP/W025116/1) - "Co-creating Fair Digital Societies"; Co-I; £505,270.01
Templeton Trust: "Explaining Atheism" Project - "The Social Learning of Unbelief in Childhood"; Consultant; £123,538
Wellcome Discovery Award - "Capturing Chaos: A more inclusive model of arbovirus transmission and risk"; Co-I; £3,000,000+
Leverhulme Doctoral Training Centre - "Leverhulme Adaptive Systems Doctoral Training Programme "; Co-I: £1,500,000+
Rays of hope: Instead of being down about the rejections I am already working on the next bits of grant/fellowship canon fodder! I have submitted an internal Expression of Interest to be a UKRI Future Leaders Fellow and am involved in an UKRI AI CDT bid with colleague at Aston. A NIH R01 is in the offing, as are two Templeton Trust bids. And finally, the ever delayed and put off EPSRC New Investigator Award application is finding gaining some momentum. One day someone will give me some money!
Update 3: Website
I have decided to add a section to CV under Funding titled "Unsuccessful" to list my grant rejections. I am also planning remove my "Reading List" as it is getting a little depressing (and hard to update!) - I am doing lots of reading, but not the stuff I listed a year ago here. Finally I plan to add a blog area to the site as a place to brain dump my views of things (mainly academic). Keep an eye out for updates coming soon!
Let's start with the big news: In January 2022 I joined the School of Informatics and Digital Engineering at Aston University as a Lecturer in Computer Science. Really excited to join a large and vibrant department with lots of great research going on, though I am sad to have left the School of Computing and Mathematics at Keele University after 12 years. Check out my new Aston webpage here - https://research.aston.ac.uk/en/persons/james-borg
Onto papers ...
"The Importance of Noise Colour in Simulations of Evolutionary Systems" (w/ Matt Grove, Lucy Timbrell, Ben Jolley, and Fiona Polack) - https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00354
This paper is a invited article for the Artificial Life Journal which builds on from our ALife 2020 conference best paper, "Coloured noise time series as appropriate models for environmental variation in artificial evolutionary systems", which you access as a preprint here, or as a published version here. If you would like to read the journal paper, or the original conference paper but can't get access please feel free to contact me.
Abstract: "Simulations of evolutionary dynamics often employ white noise as a model of stochastic environmental variation. Whilst white noise has the advantages of being simply generated and analytically tractable, empirical analyses demonstrate that most real environmental time series have power spectral densities consistent with pink or red noise, in which lower frequencies contribute proportionally greater amplitudes than higher frequencies. Simulated white noise environments may therefore fail to capture key components of real environmental time series, leading to erroneous results. To explore the effects of different noise colours on evolving populations, a simple evolutionary model of the interaction between life-history and the specialism-generalism axis was developed. Simulations were conducted using a range of noise colours as the environments to which agents adapted. Results demonstrate complex interactions between noise colour, reproductive rate, and the degree of evolved generalism; importantly, contradictory conclusions arise from simulations using white as opposed to red noise, suggesting that noise colour plays a fundamental role in generating adaptive responses. These results are discussed in the context of previous research on evolutionary responses to fluctuating environments, and it is suggested that Artificial Life as a field should embrace a wider spectrum of coloured noise models to ensure that results are truly representative of environmental and evolutionary dynamics.
"Evolved Open-Endedness in Cultural Evolution: A New Dimension in Open-Ended Evolution Research" (w/ Andrew Buskell, Rohan Kapitany, Simon Powers, Eva Reindl, and Claudio Tennie) - https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.13050
This paper has been submitted to the upcoming "Open-Ended Evolution" special issue for the Artificial Life Journal. The article is a invited submission following our on from the extended abstract titled "Evolved Open-Endedness in Cultural Evolution", which was presented at the The Fourth Workshop on Open-Ended Evolution (OEE4). You can read the extended abstract either at the workshop webpage or over in my publications and outputs page. Again if you have trouble accessing either the extended abstract or the journal preprint just drop me an email.
Abstract: "The goal of Artificial Life research, as articulated by Chris Langton, is "to contribute to theoretical biology by locating life-as-we-know-it within the larger picture of life-as-it-could-be" (1989, p.1). The study and pursuit of open-ended evolution in artificial evolutionary systems exemplifies this goal. However, open-ended evolution research is hampered by two fundamental issues; the struggle to replicate open-endedness in an artificial evolutionary system, and the fact that we only have one system (genetic evolution) from which to draw inspiration. Here we argue that cultural evolution should be seen not only as another real-world example of an open-ended evolutionary system, but that the unique qualities seen in cultural evolution provide us with a new perspective from which we can assess the fundamental properties of, and ask new questions about, open-ended evolutionary systems, especially in regard to evolved open-endedness and transitions from bounded to unbounded evolution. Here we provide an overview of culture as an evolutionary system, highlight the interesting case of human cultural evolution as an open-ended evolutionary system, and contextualise cultural evolution under the framework of (evolved) open-ended evolution. We go on to provide a set of new questions that can be asked once we consider cultural evolution within the framework of open-ended evolution, and introduce new insights that we may be able to gain about evolved open-endedness as a result of asking these questions."
Both papers also appear over at my Google Scholar page, my Aston University profile, and on my Publications and Outputs page.
06/05/2022
The Artificial Life Conference (ALife) 2021 conference, held virtually in Prague to celebrate 100 years since the publication of "Rossum's Universal Robots" by Czech author Karel Čapek, will be kicking off on 19/07/2021. This year's ALife will be a busy one for me, with 2 presentations and a workshop!
Presentation 1 (21/07/2021, 10:30 - 11:00 BST): In this presentation I will be presenting an overview of my 2021 Artificial Life journal article titled "The effect of social information use without learning on the evolution of social behavior" - you can find the paper here https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00328. I will upload my presentation recording and slides after the conference.
Presentation 2 (22/07/2021, 13:10 - 13:30 BST): I am delighted to be presenting in the The Fourth Workshop on Open-Ended Evolution (OEE4). I will presenting some ongoing work that I have been undertaking with Simon Powers on "Evolved Open-Endedness in Cultural Evolution". You can read our extended abstract at http://workshops.alife.org/oee4/papers/borg-oee4-camera-ready.pdf (or over at my Publications and Outputs page). I will upload my presentation recording and slides after the workshop.
The Fifth International Workshop of Social Learning and Cultural Evolution (21/07/2021, 14:00 - 16:00 & 17:00 - 18:30 BST): After a year off last year, myself, Simon Powers, Chris Marriott and Peter Andras (this joined by my PhD student Nathan Brooks) are back with the Fifth installment of the SLaCE workshop! Keeps your eye's peeled for speaker and schedule announcements (which should be made available over at www.slace.org very soon). Our keynote speakers this year are Dr Richard Watson and Prof Mark Bedau). Presentation recordings will be uploaded to the workshop website following the workshop.
I think I'm going to need a long nap after the conference!
08/07/2021
I will be attending my very first CES conference this year (!!!), after having my talk on "Insights from Artificial Life: Measuring and Classifying Open-Ended Evolutionary Dynamics" accepted. This is a collaborative effort between myself, Andrew Buskell, Simon Powers and Rohan Kapitany.
Abstract:
"Many features of Human cultural evolution, such as technology (Kolodny et al., 2015), language (Carr et al., 2016), and scientific knowledge (Lehman, 1947) seem to exhibit unbounded evolutionary dynamics; growing in complexity, introducing new innovations, and having no obvious bounds. Evolutionary systems exhibiting unbounded evolutionary dynamics are commonly referred to as being open-ended (Bedau et al., 1998). The creation and analysis of systems that exhibit open-ended evolutionary dynamics is an open problem in the field of Artificial Life (Bedau et al., 2000). Motivated by the observations that nature exhibits unbounded evolution, with the ongoing generation of adaptive novelty and complexity, Artificial Life researchers want to create open-ended evolutionary systems in artificial media (e.g. computer simulations, robots, ... ). The goal of achieving open-endedness in artificial evolutionary systems has led to the formalisation of measurements for unbounded evolutionary dynamics - these measurements take the form of evolutionary activity statistics, and are often called the “ALife Test” for unbounded evolutionary dynamics (Bedau et al., 1998). This test has been applied to the fossil record (Bedau et al., 1998), the patent record (Bedau et al., 2019) and artificial evolutionary systems (Channon, 2003). The activity statistics enable researchers to take any evolving system over time and assess changes to diversity, alongside measuring the introduction and adaptive persistence of new components in the system. Despite having numerous datasets, models, and evaluation methods, the field of cultural evolution is yet to effectively determine whether any given component of a culturally evolving system is bounded or unbounded. Determining what species exhibit open-ended cultural evolution, and in which behavioural domains, should be a key focus of cultural evolution going forward, and the the ALife test provides us with a consistent approach for doing this."
06/05/2021
On 18/03/2021 I gave a talk titled "Coloured noise and the evolution of environmental tolerance in artificial evolutionary systems" for the York Cross-disciplinary Centre for Systems Analysis seminar series. If you missed it you can watch the seminar here: https://youtu.be/_mjBYnKU3lU
After a very successful 2020 Conference on Artificial Life, which resulted in our paper ""Coloured noise time series as appropriate models for environmental variation in artificial evolutionary systems" being awarded best paper, a follow up to this work has now been submitted to the Artificial Life journal - watch this space!
Also, the final chapter from my PhD Thesis has now been improved and published - you can find "The Effect of Social Information Use Without Learning on the Evolution of Social Behavior" in the Artificial Life journal: https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00328
After a year off the Social Learning and Cultural Evolution (SLaCE) workshop will be returning to the Artificial Life conference this year. Once we have populated the new permanent home for the workshop (www.slace.org), an update no speakers and theme will be forthcoming!
And last but not least, the Cultural Evolution Online Discord Server is going from strength to strength - if you would like to join a growing cross-disciplinary community which has a weekly Journal Club/Talk (every Friday 3-4pm GMT), then drop me an email to get an invite link.
25/03/2021
Delighted to have both of my submissions accepted for contributed talks at the upcoming 2020 Conference on Artificial Life. arXiv links below:
"A mechanism to promote social behaviour in household load balancing" (w/ Nathan Brook and Simon Powers): https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.14526
"Coloured noise time series as appropriate models for environmental variation in artificial evolutionary systems" (w/ Matt Grove and Fiona Polack): https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.16204
29/06/2020
I have a self-funded PhD opportunity in "Social Learning in Artificial Evolutionary Systems" - so if you are looking for a PhD in Artificial Life, Evolutionary Robotics, or Social Learning this very well may be the opportunity for you. For more information please check out my PhD Opportunities page of the findaphd.com advert. The PhD opportunity is open anyone from a Computer Science, or Natural Sciences background, or students from Social Sciences or Humanities who either can already program or are motivated to learn to do so.
02/10/2018
Fancy joining me at Keele University? The School of Computing and Mathematics has two new lectureships in Computer Science - ALife people strongly encouraged to apply.
https://www.jobs.ac.uk/job/BMW598/two-lecturers-in-computer-science
21/09/2018
On the 31st October 2018, 3-4pm, I will be giving a research seminar in the School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University. Venue, Title and Abstract coming soon...
20/09/2018
I have always put off creating a website for myself - but now that I have become a fully fledged lecturer, I thought it would be useful to have some personal website to discuss my research, upload publications, express my views, and advertise PhD opportunities. Not much here yet - but more to come soon.
22/09/2018